中国湖相碳酸盐岩时空分布与碳氧同位素特征^*          下载免费PDF全文

苏玲  朱如凯  崔景伟  吴松涛  罗忠  毛治国  李森 《古地理学报》2017,19(6):1063-1074

湖相碳酸盐岩产状多样,多以夹层形式分布在碎屑岩剖面中,也见以结核或钙质微体化石等薄层赋存于泥岩、页岩等碎屑岩中,具有层数多、单层薄、呈韵律性变化等特点。受构造背景、物源输入和古环境等因素控制,中国湖相碳酸盐沉积最早出现于二叠纪,主要发育时段为古近纪,具有沉积时间跨度大、分布面积广的特征。湖相碳酸盐岩按成因可分为原生沉积型、成岩改造型和热液喷流型3类。中国湖相碳酸盐岩的碳氧同位素特征可揭示原生和成岩过程中水介质环境的差异性: (1)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 密切相关,且δ¹³C多正偏,指示封闭型咸水、半咸水湖泊环境;(2)δ¹³C和 δ¹⁸O 无相关性,且δ¹³C多负偏,指示开放型湖泊环境;(3)δ¹³C严重正偏,指示成岩作用时发酵带的环境受到古细菌参与的甲烷生成作用的影响。  相似文献   

青藏铁路多年冻土区热棒的施工技术   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

孙立平 《冰川冻土》2007,29(1):39-44

青藏铁路要穿越550 km长的多年冻土区,其中年平均地温>-1.0℃的高温多年冻土路段275 km,高含冰量冻土类型路段长221 km.为确保路基工程的整体稳定,部分地段采用了热棒处理措施.热棒路基利用自然能源,在温差作用下驱动内部制冷工质的汽液两相对流循环,通过蒸发段蒸发吸热作用降低周围冻土温度,增加冻土本身的冷储量,提高热稳定性,保护多年冻土.热棒技术是一种有着广阔应用前景的新技术,尤其是在全球气温升高大环境下,其作用更为明显.针对热棒的工作原理和施工技术进行了系统的总结分析,实践证明,热棒能够很好的防止多年冻土的融沉、冻胀病害,已在青藏铁路、公路多年冻土区路基试验段取得重要的阶段成果,以后将会在多年冻土区施工中逐步推广应用.  相似文献   

Characteristics of δ13CDIC in lakes on the Tibetan Plateau and its implications for the carbon cycle     

Yanbin Lei  Tandong Yao  Yongwei Sheng  Enlou Zhang  Weicai Wang  Junli Li 《水文研究》2012,26(4):535-543

Dissolved inorganic carbon isotope (δ¹³C_DIC) is an important tool to reveal the carbon cycle in lake systems. However, there are only few studies focusing on the spatial variation of δ¹³C_DIC of closed lakes. Here we analyze the characteristics of δ¹³C_DIC of 24 sampled lakes (mainly closed lakes) across the Qiangtang Plateau (QTP) and identify the driving factors for its spatial variation. The δ¹³C_DIC value of these observed lakes varies in the range of ? 15·0 to 3·2‰, with an average value of ? 1·2‰. The δ¹³C_DIC value of closed lakes is close to the atmospheric isotopic equilibrium value, much higher than that in rivers and freshwater lakes reported before. The high δ¹³C_DIC value of closed lakes is mainly attributed to the significant contribution of carbonate weathering in the catchment and the evasion of dissolved CO₂ induced by the strong evaporation of lake water. The δ¹³C_DIC value of closed lakes has a logarithmic correlation with water chemistry (TDS, DIC and pCO₂), also suggesting that the evapo‐concentration of lake water can influence the δ¹³C_DIC value. The δ¹³C_DIC value shows two opposite logarithmic correlations with lake size depending on the δ¹³C_DIC range. This study suggests that the δ¹³C in carbonates in lacustrine sediments can be taken as an indicator of lake volume variation in closed lakes on QTP. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Abundance estimates of an isolated population of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Walvis Bay,Namibia, 2008–2012     

SH Elwen  RH Leeney  T Gridley 《African Journal of Marine Science》2019,41(1):61-70

The coastal population of common bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus found in Namibia is regionally isolated and unique. This population faces several potential anthropogenic threats, especially in Walvis Bay, including boat-based tourism, a commercial harbour undergoing expansion, and aquaculture for oysters and mussels. Between 2008 and 2012, 238 boat-based surveys were conducted, resulting in 170 encounters with bottlenose dolphins. Overall, group sizes varied from 1 to 45 individuals (mean 10.7). Encounter rates, group sizes and total numbers of animals identified were higher in winter than in summer field seasons. The number, and survival and immigration parameters, of bottlenose dolphins using Walvis Bay was investigated using robust design and Huggins closed-population mark-recapture models. The highest numbers estimated were in the first and last years of the study, with estimates of 74–82 in 2008 and 76–77 in 2012 (numbers identified and upper 95% confidence limits). The only previously available data, from an incomplete study in the early 1990s, suggested that the population was between 100 and 150 individuals at the time. Although no linear trend in population size was obvious during the current study, the clear evidence of isolation, small population size, low annual birth rate, and potential long-term decrease in numbers since the early 1990s is concerning. Further work to collect data on demographic parameters is urgently recommended with a view to obtaining increased protection for this species.  相似文献   

断层对于油气运移影响的研究进展     

郭真 《地下水》2015,(4)

断裂对于油气运移具有联通和封闭两种作用,地质实践中这两种状态不易判断,甚至同时存在,具有一定的复杂性。借助前人工作的总结,从断层类型以及影响断层性质的因素入手,针对目前国际研究热点分别进行探讨。对于地堑转换造成的断层形成油气聚集有三种形式:地堑系统深层作为油气聚集区;地堑系统转接部位纵向运移;油气聚集于地堑系统的隆起部位。而挤压破碎造成的断层封闭性决定于微构造、渗透性、门槛压力等条件。实例证明,3种条件对于断层封闭性的预测有决定性影响。通过分析油气在断层中的散失,指出影响油气运移的不利因素。  相似文献   

流速对封闭循环水养殖大菱鲆生长、摄食及水质氮素的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

孙国祥  李勇  田喆  刘鹰  高婷婷  柳阳  刘佳亮 《海洋科学》2011,35(5):53-60

在封闭循环水高密度养殖条件下(平均密度14.1 kg/m²±0.51 kg/m²), 设置4 个流速梯度(200, 400,600, 800 L/h,分别以A～D 组表示), 挑选相近体质量(200.3g±7.6 g)的大菱鲆进行42 d 养殖试验, 每个梯度设置3 个重复, 每个重复55 尾鱼, 研究流速对封闭循环水养殖大菱鲆生长、摄食以及水质氮素的影响。试验结果表明: (1) 大菱鲆(Scophthatmus maximus L)特定生长率、增质量率、摄食量随流速增大先快速上升后缓升趋稳, 饲料系数则相反。B、C、D 3 组特定生长率、摄食量分别显著高于A 组30.77%～52.31%、17.30%～22.05%; 饲料系数则显著低于A 组13.83%～22.34%; (2) 养殖水体中总氨氮、非离子氨及亚硝酸氮浓度随流速的增大先快速下降后缓降趋稳。B、C、D 3 组水质总氨氮氨浓度均显著低于A 组53.70%～79.07%; (3) 根据流速对特定生长率、水体总氨氮二者的影响, 得出养殖的生态适宜流速为625 L/h。再结合流速对水循环动力的影响, 得出养殖的生态经济适宜流速为480 L/h。  相似文献   

高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物自动提取   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

安文  杨俊峰  赵羲  史玉龙 《测绘科学》2014,39(11):80-84

文章结合结构图分析方法,提出一种针对高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物自动提取方法.该方法利用几何限制对线基元进行初连接,解决由于边缘检测无法完整提取建筑外边缘问题;通过构造结构图确立线基元之间连接关系,搜索结构图中闭合路径,建立高级别特征,对过于散列的线基元进行整合;在此基础上,综合考虑建筑物的几何结构、光谱特征等图像信息筛选闭合路径,实现对建筑物的提取.最后通过对天绘一号高分辨率遥感影像进行建筑物自动提取验证了该方法的有效性.  相似文献   

低温条件下饲料的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王际英  宋志东  李培玉  李华东  李宝山  柳旭东  苗淑彦  张利民 《海洋湖沼通报》2010,(1)

为了研究在低温条件下饲料中的脂肪含量对石斑鱼生长的影响,制作脂肪含量为7.53%(G1)、9.52%(G2)、13.27%(G3)和16.64%(G4)的石斑鱼试验饲料,在闭路循环水16.1~21.3℃的低温下养殖石斑鱼,试验结束时称重并进行生物学指标和氨基酸的测定,结果表明低温对鱼类的生长性能产生了一定程度的影响,低温条件下,随着脂肪含量的升高,实验石斑鱼的增重率、肝脂率、肌脂率有明显程度的提高,而肝体比、脏体比相应的降低,摄食G1、G2实验饲料的石斑鱼为负增长,其肝脂率和肌脂率显著高于摄食G3、G4实验饲料的石斑鱼,而肝体比、脏体比却显著的低于后者,肌肉蛋白含量、水分及消化道指数无显著差异,死亡率随着脂肪含量的升高呈降低的趋势,各组石斑鱼肌肉的氨基酸组成差异不大,仅表现为酪氨酸随着脂肪添加量的增加减少的趋势,本实验说明了低温条件下适当增加饲料中的脂肪含量有利于保持石斑鱼的生长,同时为鱼类的越冬期及低温胁迫下的管理提供了1种可行的营养供给策略。  相似文献   

The recovery of microalgal production and biomass in a South African temporarily open/closed estuary, following mouth breaching     

Akash Anandraj  Renzo Perissinotto  Christian Nozais  Derek Stretch 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008,79(4):599-606

Mouth breaching is a recurrent event in temporarily open/closed estuaries (TOCEs). Such disturbances result in flushing and sediment scouring, reducing the microalgal biomass stock. The depletion of these microalgae may have negative repercussions in the form of depleted stocks of commercial fish, game fish, crustaceans and mollusks. The aim of this investigation was therefore: (1) to monitor the recovery of microalgal biomass and production following a breaching event; and (2) to determine the key environmental parameters influencing primary production during the open and recovery phases. Phytoplankton and benthic microalgal production was measured (¹⁴C-uptake method) successively during the closed, open and recovery phases of the Mdloti TOCE (South Africa). Upon breaching, 94–99% of microalgal biomass was washed out to sea through flushing and sediment scouring. A temporary recovery of phytoplankton and benthic microalgal biomass was observed during the open phase, but this was not sustained because of continual flushing and scouring of the sediment. During the re-closure (recovery phase), microalgal biomass immediately increased, reaching pre-breaching levels 35–40 days following the breaching event. In contrast to biomass, autochthonous pelagic primary production reached a maximum level (341 mg C m⁻² h⁻¹) during the open phase. Pelagic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) significantly increased during the open phase. This is attributed to a favorable combination of optimum light conditions, high influx of macronutrients and high water temperatures (33 °C). Similarly, benthic primary production normalized to biomass (P^B) peaked during the open phase (35 mg C mg chl-a⁻¹ h⁻¹). Multivariate analysis showed that major variations in primary production were mainly controlled by temperature, dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) to phosphorus (DIP) molar ratios (water-column and pore-water) and light extinction (K_d), all of which were regulated by the state of the mouth.  相似文献   

澄（江）—阳（宗）二级公路K5+120～280边坡治理          下载免费PDF全文

李志江 《探矿工程》2009,36(2):69-71

澄（江）—阳（宗）二级公路K5＋120～280边坡受断层构造的影响,受雨季因素和上边坡坡度大以及不良地质现象影响,有发生蠕动滑移的可能。针对工程地质水文地质情况,采取了抗滑桩、喷锚护坡以及排水措施等进行综合治理,取得了良好的治理效果。介绍了该边坡的工程治理方案及施工技术。  相似文献